When a nerve in the spinal cord is pinched causing extreme pain, the condition is called myelopathy.

Symptoms

Signs that the long nerve tracts inside the spinal cord are affected include:
Tightness in the muscle tone of the legs
Deep tendon reflexes in the knee and ankle are heightened
When the ankle is forced to extend, the foot beats up and down rapidly
When the sole of the foot is scratched, the reflex of the big toe goes up instead of down
Flicking the middle finger may cause the thumb and index finger to flex
Coordination problems, including difficulty walking and placing one foot in front of the other foot

Causes and Risk Factors

A nerve can become pinched for a variety of reasons, including:
Getting trapped between bones, tendons or ligaments
Inflammation of the bones of the spine that may cause a narrowing of the canal through which the spinal cord runs
Bone spurs or roughness inside the spinal canal that irritate the nerve
Injuries

Conditions such as cervical or spinal stenosis may cause myelopathy.

Diagnosis

A doctor will take a patients medical history and do a physical examination. As with any condition that affects the spine, it is important to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms.

A doctor may order the following tests to help diagnose the condition:
X-rays to rule out abnormal motion and instability
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
Computed tomography (CT) scan

Treatments

Treatment will vary depending on the cause of the condition, its location and how severe the symptoms are.

One approach to treatment is surgical decompression of the spinal canal. This creates more space for the spinal cord and nerves.

Surgical decompression can be done by approaching the spine either from the front or the back. The approach depends on where the majority of compression is located. There may be several levels of the spine where pressure is occurring. Because of that, this type or surgery tends to be more involved than that for disc herniation or foraminal stenosis